Application of cassava residue in livestock and poultry production

1、 The present situation of cassava residue and the practical significance of biological fermentation technology

1. At present, the annual output value of cassava industry in China is more than 1 billion yuan. Cassava is mainly used to process cassava starch, which is widely used in food, sugar, medicine, feed, textile, paper, chemical industry and other industrial sectors. Using the wet process of cassava starch, about 700kg cassava dregs with 70% water content are produced for each ton of cassava. Millions of tons of cassava dregs are produced each year. The main components of cassava dregs are starch, cellulose and a small amount of protein, with water content of 70% – 80%. Due to the high moisture content, the environment will be directly polluted if not treated in time. Therefore, the industrial utilization of cassava residue can not only effectively improve the economic benefits of cassava processing industry, but also effectively reduce the impact of cassava processing on the environment. In the process of biological fermentation, all fermentation products can be used as liquid products. In the production of powdery products, only the fermentation products are dried without any pollution to the environment.
2. China’s fermentation industry has made great progress. Microbial fermentation and microbial fermentation products have obvious removal effect on toxic and harmful substances and anti nutritional factors in soybean, cottonseed and rapeseed meal, significant effect on protein macromolecule degradation to small peptide, can improve the digestibility and utilization rate of protein and other nutrients, and achieve the purpose of saving feed consumption. At the same time, the degradation of cellulose by mixed bacteria has made great progress, which can further improve the utilization rate of feed and reduce the feeding cost.

With the rapid development of grain and oil processing, light industry and food fermentation and other industries in China, there are a large number of processing by-products and fermentation by-products, such as cassava dregs, corn alcohol dregs (DDGS), distiller’s grains, sauce dregs, vinegar dregs, fruit dregs, monosodium glutamate dregs, yeast protein and so on. The industrial utilization of these resources will produce a large number of feed raw materials, but also solve the increasingly serious environmental pollution problem 。 Cassava dregs are the leftovers after the separation of cassava starch, accounting for about 75% of the weight of fresh potatoes. There are many enterprises in Wuming County, Guangxi province that carry out this kind of processing, and a large number of cassava dregs are produced every year. Through the application of new high-efficiency and low-cost microbial fermentation technology and drying technology, it will play a certain role in promoting the development of residue feed resources.

2、 Technical route of cassava residue bio fermentation and its application in livestock and poultry production

1. Current situation and trend of technology development at home and abroad.

Cellulose is a kind of linear macromolecular substance which is connected by β – 1,4-glucoside bond. On the main chain, each glucose residue rotates 180 ° with its neighbor. The degree of polymerization of plant cellulose is about 14000; the degree of polymerization of microbial cellulose is about 3500

The polymerization degree of commercial cellulose is between 50 and 5000.

2. Technical route

In general, cassava residue has a high content of cellulose, and cellulose can not be absorbed by single stomach animals, so its utilization is greatly limited; and the fermentation of conventional strains is difficult to achieve the purpose of degradation of cellulose. Scientific research has proved that only through the fermentation of special flora, can cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, pectin and other nutrients be transformed into feed resources available for livestock and poultry breeding as much as possible

(1) Screening and optimization of strains: strains that can degrade cellulose in cassava dregs were screened out from bacteria and fungi; after physical and chemical mutagenesis, strains with high cellulase production were screened out as fermentation strains. The gene engineering strains of high activity cellulose endonuclease, cellulose exonuclease and β – glucosidase were constructed.

(2) Study on culture medium and fermentation conditions: study and determine the other ingredients and addition amount in the culture medium except cassava residue; study and determine the best fermentation conditions such as inoculation amount, fermentation temperature, fermentation time and ventilation.

3、 Technical indicators

The cassava dregs were transformed into the raw material substitutes of animal feed by using biological fermentation technology (the proportion of replaceable corn was 20-25%). Many indexes of cassava dregs were the same as that of corn, and the mineral, vitamin and amino acid parts were higher than those of corn. After biological fermentation, the content of nutrients in cassava dregs is greatly increased, and its utilization rate is also greatly improved; moreover, it contains a large number of probiotics, which can improve the production performance of animals and feed returns, and reduce the use of antibiotics.

Assessment and evaluation indexes of cassava residue before and after bio fermentation

Index nutrient comparison value before treatment and after treatment

synergism

Index energy MCAL / kg 1.98 3.32 increased by 67.68%

Crude protein% 4.95 12.50 increased by 71.72%

Control index: crude fiber% 15.23 8.50 reduced by 44.19%

The main components of cassava dregs treated by biotechnology changed as follows.

Comparison of main components of cassava residue before and after biological fermentation

Contrast variety of pineapple

Vitamin B, thiamin, nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid, choline, folate

E-riboflavin:             20.0.33 54 2.90 420 0.21 15 1.54 before fermentation

After fermentation:93 31.75 435 33.21 1401 6.86 41.10 7.21

The efficiency of biotransformation was significantly improved. After the structure of cassava residue was improved, it effectively promoted the biotransformation efficiency of livestock and poultry. In addition, it can improve the digestibility of crude protein and crude fat,It can promote the absorption of minerals bound to the cell wall and improve the integrity of villi in the small intestine,Promote the absorption of nutrients in the small intestine. Compared with the traditional cassava dregs, it can increase the daily gain of pigs by 10-15%, broilers by 9-13%, ruminants by 16-20%, feed conversion efficiency by 5-10% and feed cost per ton of livestock and poultry by 110-145 yuan. The economic benefits of animal transformation have been significantly improved.

It can save grain, recycle resources, strengthen the close combination of production, study and research, and promote the innovation of agricultural science and technology. The application of this technology is a revolution of animal feed, a resource regeneration, circular economy, industrial waste resource utilization, and an innovative sunshine industry.

4、 Cassava residue dehydration equipment (below)

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